NAAR: Grants on Environmental Factors (1997-2004)
Total Funding Commitment: $881,984
A. Studies in Which Toxicant, Environmental Factor or Vaccine Exposure Is Directly Examined (Direct Part of the Research Question):
Cohen (2000)
Epidemiology of Autism on Staten Island ($79,504)
Goals were to examine Autism prevalence on Staten Island (environmental toxins high) as a comparison to national rates.
Factor-Litvac (1998)
Autism and Hazardous Waste Sites: an Ecological Study in NJ ($51,596)
This study examined the rates of autism with respect to living proximity to EPA designated hazardous waste sites.
Holson (1999)
Gestational Retinoic Acid Exposure: An Animal Model of Autism ($29,480)
Retinoic acid (high dose vitamin A) is a known cause of birth defects, this study examined whether administration during pregnancy to rats mimicked neuropathology of autism.
Keller (2002)
Reelin as a target of interaction between genotype and environment in autistic disorder ($103,800)
Examined sensitivity of heterozygous reeler mice (reduced levels of reelin) to organophosphate pesticides on brain structure.
Lipkin (1997)
Bornavirus Infection and Autism Pathogeneses ($30,000)
This study was the first by Dr. Lipkin's group which developed an animal model for autism based on early exposure to an infectious agent which triggered an immune response.
Paul Thorson (2001 and 2002)
Risk Factors for Neurodevelopmental Disorders: MMR Vaccine and Childhood Autism ($105,300)
Used medical records in a group of children in Denmark to determine the change in rates of autism as a function of MMR vaccination.
B. Other Studies Which Indirectly Examine Toxicant Exposure/Immune Function:
Croen (2004)
Biologic Markers of Maternal Infection and Immune Function in Autism($119,680)
Belichenko (1999)
The Role of Brain-Directed Autoimmune Reaction in the Pathogenesis of Infantile Autism in Children and Young Adults ($30,000)
Ponzio (2002)
Contribution of Immunological Mechanisms to Autism Spectrum Disorders ($118,000)
Zalcman (2001)
Cytokines, Monoamines and Sterotypical Motor Activity ($96,170)
C. Studies Which Investigated Other Environmental Factors:
Thorsen (2003)
Exposure to pharmaceuticals in pregnancy and development of autistic disorder ($118,454)
Retrospective analysis of medical records to determine prenatal factors such as exposure to different pharmaceuticals and relationship to autism.
A. Studies in Which Toxicant, Environmental Factor or Vaccine Exposure Is Directly Examined (Direct Part of the Research Question):
Cohen (2000)
Epidemiology of Autism on Staten Island ($79,504)
Goals were to examine Autism prevalence on Staten Island (environmental toxins high) as a comparison to national rates.
Factor-Litvac (1998)
Autism and Hazardous Waste Sites: an Ecological Study in NJ ($51,596)
This study examined the rates of autism with respect to living proximity to EPA designated hazardous waste sites.
Holson (1999)
Gestational Retinoic Acid Exposure: An Animal Model of Autism ($29,480)
Retinoic acid (high dose vitamin A) is a known cause of birth defects, this study examined whether administration during pregnancy to rats mimicked neuropathology of autism.
Keller (2002)
Reelin as a target of interaction between genotype and environment in autistic disorder ($103,800)
Examined sensitivity of heterozygous reeler mice (reduced levels of reelin) to organophosphate pesticides on brain structure.
Lipkin (1997)
Bornavirus Infection and Autism Pathogeneses ($30,000)
This study was the first by Dr. Lipkin's group which developed an animal model for autism based on early exposure to an infectious agent which triggered an immune response.
Paul Thorson (2001 and 2002)
Risk Factors for Neurodevelopmental Disorders: MMR Vaccine and Childhood Autism ($105,300)
Used medical records in a group of children in Denmark to determine the change in rates of autism as a function of MMR vaccination.
B. Other Studies Which Indirectly Examine Toxicant Exposure/Immune Function:
Croen (2004)
Biologic Markers of Maternal Infection and Immune Function in Autism($119,680)
Belichenko (1999)
The Role of Brain-Directed Autoimmune Reaction in the Pathogenesis of Infantile Autism in Children and Young Adults ($30,000)
Ponzio (2002)
Contribution of Immunological Mechanisms to Autism Spectrum Disorders ($118,000)
Zalcman (2001)
Cytokines, Monoamines and Sterotypical Motor Activity ($96,170)
C. Studies Which Investigated Other Environmental Factors:
Thorsen (2003)
Exposure to pharmaceuticals in pregnancy and development of autistic disorder ($118,454)
Retrospective analysis of medical records to determine prenatal factors such as exposure to different pharmaceuticals and relationship to autism.
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